Plato Vs Shelley Essays - Ancient Greek Philosophers, Platonism

Plato Vs Shelley Many works of literature provide responses to much debated topics. Opinions are brought forth by means of rhetorical devices and supported by some type of accepted truth. In two such pieces, The Republic by Plato and A Defense of Poetry by Shelley, Plato expresses a belief about poetry that Shelley disagrees with and responds to. Through rhetorical devices such as metaphors and symbolism and the use of deductive logic and Socratic writing, Plato provides a strong, very supported argument while Shelleys long sentence structure, analogies and metaphors are weak in comparison. The way in which Plato uses deductive logic to express his opinion allows him to fully develop his ideas without making assertions that are incredible. Plato begins with the idea of the ultimate maker of the bed, which he refers to as G-d which is easily accepted by the majority of an audience. Plato believed that there is only one who makes the essence of the bed, (44) the single idea and therefore that is the truth. From there he goes to the carpenter. There is another (bed) which is the work of the carpenter. (44) And finally Plato defines his thesis through metaphor. He uses a metaphor that compares the work of a poet to a mirror. Turning a mirror round and round you would soon enough make the sun and the heavens, and the earth and yourself, and other animals and plants, and all other things of which we were just speaking, in the mirrorbut they would be appearances only. (44) The way in which the writing is interactive with two people creates contradictions, which challenge Plat os beliefs, yet they are still proven throughout. Why not? For the duller eye may often see a thing sooner than the keener. Very true, but in your presence, even if I had any further notion, I could not muster courage to utter it. (43) While this Socratic writing helps Plato to make his argument even more concrete, Shelley uses essay form to portray his ideas somewhat in response to beliefs like those of Plato. Shelleys writing differs in form from Platos in that Shelleys is more straight forward and seems almost as if it were meant to be preached. Reason is to the imagination as the instrument to the agent, as the body to the spirit, as the shadow to the substance. (429) The analogy that Shelley uses portrays that reason is the basis of the imagination, implying that poetry holds truth, yet it is an idealized truth, which is determined by Plato in The Republic to be essentially false. Shelley uses a similar metaphor of a mirror, as did Plato. Poetry is a mirror which makes beautiful that which is distorted. (431) While Shelley is trying to defend poetry, he is still representing is as an image, just as Plato had. Plato uses this mirror symbol more successfully in that he makes the assertion that that in which is imitated, as is a mirror image, is far from the truth. Shelley only states that the image (poetry) is more beautiful than the truth, which is distorted. Plato and Shelley both portray their ideas of poetry through rhetorical devices but Platos argument is much more solid. Because of his Socratic writing form and effective use of metaphors, Platos devices persuasively outweigh Shelleys form, analogies and metaphors. Philosophy

Free Essays on Aol Instant Messenger

AOL prevents another company from instant messaging â€Å"America Online has fired another shot in its ongoing battle against companies trying to tap into its coveted instant messaging network.† Time Warner’s affiliate AOL has been blocking companies trying to tap into its current instant messaging network. These other companies are trying to get there programs to work with AOL’s instant messaging system and AOL has repeatedly turned away these companies stating that it infringes on their privacy policies. Since 1997 AOL has been very popular even though AOL has been involved in legal issues over its instant messenger. AOL began instant messenger or I.M. in 1997 when one of AOL’s program writer’s, Mr. Jim Johnson, designed a brilliant plan to have direct contact between members on an open email page. Jim and AOL received numerous awards for this new design, which let members communicate with each other even while browsing the web. It took off so fast that it spread like a rumor in a small community. Just a few months after its release, almost every member of AOL was using instant messaging on a daily basis. Instant messaging has become the â€Å"norm† since its debut in 1997. Every magazine and newspaper in the country had an article on it. Now it is so common that even six year olds are often seen utilizing the instant messenger program in classrooms. Though it is common, new companies are trying to dip their hands in. Since I.M. became available, other companies have been trying to make similar programs that are compatible with AOL’s Instant messenger. AOL has struck down these ideas every time they occur. AOL has not incurred any legal penalties yet but as time progresses, they may. These other companies are trying to bring lawsuits against AOL saying that the instant messenger technology should be public and not privately owned. AOL has shut the door every time on these people and won. â€Å"The courts u... Free Essays on Aol Instant Messenger Free Essays on Aol Instant Messenger AOL prevents another company from instant messaging â€Å"America Online has fired another shot in its ongoing battle against companies trying to tap into its coveted instant messaging network.† Time Warner’s affiliate AOL has been blocking companies trying to tap into its current instant messaging network. These other companies are trying to get there programs to work with AOL’s instant messaging system and AOL has repeatedly turned away these companies stating that it infringes on their privacy policies. Since 1997 AOL has been very popular even though AOL has been involved in legal issues over its instant messenger. AOL began instant messenger or I.M. in 1997 when one of AOL’s program writer’s, Mr. Jim Johnson, designed a brilliant plan to have direct contact between members on an open email page. Jim and AOL received numerous awards for this new design, which let members communicate with each other even while browsing the web. It took off so fast that it spread like a rumor in a small community. Just a few months after its release, almost every member of AOL was using instant messaging on a daily basis. Instant messaging has become the â€Å"norm† since its debut in 1997. Every magazine and newspaper in the country had an article on it. Now it is so common that even six year olds are often seen utilizing the instant messenger program in classrooms. Though it is common, new companies are trying to dip their hands in. Since I.M. became available, other companies have been trying to make similar programs that are compatible with AOL’s Instant messenger. AOL has struck down these ideas every time they occur. AOL has not incurred any legal penalties yet but as time progresses, they may. These other companies are trying to bring lawsuits against AOL saying that the instant messenger technology should be public and not privately owned. AOL has shut the door every time on these people and won. â€Å"The courts u...

Hippocratic Method and the Four Humors in Medicine

Hippocratic Method and the Four Humors in Medicine When todays doctors prescribe an antibiotic to fight infection, they are trying to put the patients body back in balance. While the drugs and medical explanation may be new, this art of equilibrium has been practiced since  Hippocrates day.   I do anatomize and cut up these poor beasts, he said to Hippocrates, to see the cause of these distempers, vanities, and follies, which are the burden of all creatures.- Democritus - The History of Melancholy Humors Corresponding With  the Seasons and Elements In the Hippocratic corpus (believed not to be the work of a single man of that name) disease was thought to be caused by isonomia, the preponderance of one of the four bodily humors: Yellow BileBlack BilePhlegmBlood Four humors matched the four seasons: Autumn: black bileSpring: bloodWinter: phlegmSummer: yellow bile Each of the humors was  associated with one of the four equal and universal elements: EarthAirFireWater Posited by Empedocles: Aristotle, who used the image of wine to expose the nature of black bile. Black bile, just like the juice of grapes, contains pneuma, which provokes hypochondriac diseases like melancholia. Black bile like wine is prone to ferment and produce an alternation of depression and anger...-From Linets The History of Melancholy Earth corresponds with  black bile.  Too much earth made one  melancholic.Air corresponds with blood. Too much air,  sanguine.Fire  corresponds with  yellow bile.  Too much fire,  choleric.Water  corresponds with  phlegm.  Too much water,  phlegmatic. Finally, each element/humor/season was associated with certain qualities. Thus yellow bile was thought of as hot and dry. Its opposite, phlegm (the mucus of colds), was cold and moist. Black Bile was cold and dry, while its opposite, blood was hot and moist. Black Bile: Cold and DryBlood: Hot and MoistPhlegm: Cold and MoistYellow Bile: Hot and Dry As a first step, the prudent Hippocratic physician would prescribe a regimen of diet, activity, and exercise, designed to void the body of the imbalanced humor. According to Gary Lindquesters History of Human Disease,  if it was a fevera hot, dry diseasethe culprit was yellow bile. So, the doctor would try to increase its opposite, phlegm, by prescribing cold baths. If the opposite situation prevailed (as in a cold), where there were obvious symptoms of excess phlegm production, the regimen would be to bundle up in bed and drink wine. Resorting to Drugs If the regimen didnt work the next course would be with drugs, often hellebore, a potent poison that would cause vomiting and diarrhea, signs the imbalanced humor was eliminated. Observation of Anatomy We might assume such Hippocratic ideas sprang from speculation rather than experimentation, but observation played a key role. Furthermore, it would be simplistic to say ancient Greco-Roman doctors never practiced human dissection. If nothing else, doctors had anatomical experience dealing with war wounds. But especially during the Hellenistic period, there was extensive contact with the Egyptians whose embalming techniques involved removing bodily organs. In the third century, B.C. vivisection was permitted in Alexandria where living criminals may have been put to the knife. Still, we believe Hippocrates, Aristotle, and Galen, among others, only dissected animal bodies, not human. So mans internal structure was known primarily through analogy with animals, inferences from the externally visible structures, from natural philosophy, and from function. Evaluating the Humoral Theory Such ideas might seem far-fetched today, but Hippocratic medicine was a great advance over the supernatural model that had preceded it. Even if individuals had understood enough about contagion to realize rodents were involved somehow, it was still the Homeric Apollo, the mouse god, who caused it. The Hippocratic etiology based on nature permitted diagnosis and treatment of symptoms with something other than prayer and sacrifice. Besides, we rely on similar analogies today, in Jungian personality types and ayurvedic medicine, to name two. These men demonstrated that when the nutriment becomes altered in the veins by the innate heat, blood is produced when it is in moderation, and the other humours when it is not in proper proportion.-Galen, On the Natural Faculties Bk II Black Bile Cold and Dry Too much earth Melancholic Autumn Blood Hot and Moist Too much air Sanguine Sping Phlegm Cold and Moist Too much water Phlegmatic Winter Yellow Bile Hot and Dry Too much fire Choleric Summer S​ources   www.umich.edu/~iinet/journal/vol2no2/v2n2_The_History_of_Melancholy.html  Ã‚  www.astro.virginia.edu/~eww6n/bios/HippocratesofCos.html]www.med.virginia.edu/hs-library/historical/antiqua/textn.htm accessedviator.ucs.indiana.edu/~ancmed/foundations.htm]  www.med.virginia.edu/hs-library/historical/antiqua/stexta.htmwww.med.virginia.edu/hs-library/historical/antiqua/stexta.htm

Research paper qualitative and quantitative Essay

Research paper qualitative and quantitative - Essay Example Caldwell’s framework is the basis of the research charter that has been followed for the critical analysis of research regarding health. The article is inscribed by Rtensson (RNT) & Persson (PhD, RN) and it was printed in Journal of Nursing Management in 2006. The authors are well known for their credibility. The focus of research is on the a world wide issue nowadays that is the the effect of life-style on health; the relationship between influence on health of working at night and the resulting diet or exercise habits is explored. It argues the issue which can potentially lead to the highest amount of life years mislaid by 2025 that is life style related illness. The issue is handled by concentrating on life-style issues identified with unhealthy dietary patterns and absence of physical action. The key issues discussed here include the affect of different variables/actors on the nurses working during night hours. These include colleagues, circadian rhythm and freedom of action. The facts presented and discussed help identify the objective of research i.e. whether these variables affect the diet and exercise habits of the workers. However, focus is more being laid upon the general health of the workers instead of a specific focus related to what they eat and if they work out or not. Nevertheless, the rationale for carrying out the research is clearly mentioned by stating that there is very scant data available on the relationship between working during night hours and diet or exercise habits: a gap in literature exists on this issue. Qualitative exploration is centered on subjective data. . Gatherings allow the researcher to examine the subject all around with respect to a particular topic and to have more noticeable control over the examination. In observation, subjects can be analyzed in their standard living space. The purpose of this sort of investigation is that the conclusions can be illuminating to

Finacce for buisness Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Finacce for buisness - Speech or Presentation Example Round off to the nearest $1. 11. Bobby’s grandmother deposited $100 in a savings account for him when he was born. The money has been earning an annual rate of 12% interest, compounded quarterly for the last 25 years. He is getting married and would like to take his new bride on a fabulous honeymoon. How much does he have in this account to use? 13. Harold Hawkins bought a home for $320,000. He made a down payment of $45,000; the balance will be paid off over 30 years at a 6.775% rate of interest. How much will Haroldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s monthly payments be? Round off to the nearest $1. 14.   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  You want to travel to Europe to visit relatives when you graduate from college three years from now. The trip is expected to cost a total of $10,000. Your parents have deposited $5,000 for you in a CD paying 6% interest annually, maturing three years from now. Aunt Hilda has agreed to finance the balance. If you are going to put Aunt Hildaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s gift in an investment earning 10% over the next three years, how much must she deposit now so you can visit your relatives in three

Analysis of the Coca Cola Company Essay -- Businesses Coca Cola Market

Analysis of the Coca Cola Company History "Coca-Cola enterprises Incorporated, employees 66,199 operates, 444 facilities, 47,235 vehicles, 1.9 million pieces of cold drink equipment and sold 3.8billion unit cases in 46 states in the united states, all 10 provinces of Canada and portions of Europe including Belgium, France, Great Britain, Luxembourg and the Netherlands" (Coca-Cola facts 99). An, Atlanta Pharmacist Dr. John Slyth Pemberton founded Coca-Cola on May 8, 1886. The carmel colored ingredients, Coca leaves and kola nuts. Later the drink was striped of narcotics. The drink was first designed as a drug that will help people feel better. Pemberton sold his new drink for 5 cents a glass. Some time later carbonated water was added to the syrup and that is how Coca-Cola was invented. Dr. Pemberton sold Coca-Cola out of the pharmacy he worked at. The pharmacy was owned by, a man named Frank M. Robinson. Robinson suggested "Coca-Cola" as a name for Pemberton's drink. The two men took an old oilcloth sing and hung it in the window saying "Drink Coca-Cola". They averaged nine glasses sold a day. In 1886 Pemberton became sick he sold some of his portions of his interest too Asa G. Candler. In 1888 Pemberton died, and Asa Candler began buying all the out standing shares of Coca-Cola. Candler was and Atlanta druggist and businessman. Candler knew Coke was going to be something big. He then had complete control by 1891 for $2,300. In 1892, Candler and his brother John Candler, Frank Robinson and two other associates formed "Coca-Cola Company" in Georgia. Candler was a master at marketing. He handed out coupons for one free glass of Coca-Cola. He also promoted the beverage by painted walls, Clocks, outdoor posters, serving trays and fountain urns. Candler marketing stragety worked Coke was available everywhere. The sales took off. People started calling Coca-Cola "Coke" They urged the customers to call it by its full name, but "Coke" just stuck. "In 1894, the company opened its first syrup manufacturi ng plant outside Atlanta in Dallas Texas. The following year plants opened in Chicago and Los Angeles. Three years after the Coca-Cola Company's incorporation Candler announced in the annual report: "Coca-Cola in the now drunk in every state and territory in the United States" (History of Coca-Cola Company). Joseph A. Biedenharn, of Vicksburg, Mississippi installed ... ...ola's target areas are grocery stores, recreational areas, shops, malls and sporting events. The mass of distribution to cus Bibliography Bibliography Associated Press. "Coca-Cola Recalls More Tainted Drinks." Boston Globe [CD-ROM], 3 July 1999, National/Foreign Section, p. A4. Available: BOSTON GLOBE File: 631. Coca-Cola Enterprises, Inc. "Facts 1999." Atlanta: Coca-Cola Enterprises, Inc., 1999. "Coca-Cola's Global Dominance." https://www.wiley.com:8082/schermerhorn/ oc/page01.htm (13 Oct. 1999). "Coke Insider." Investors Business Daily. Mahoney, Ed. Distribution Manager for Coca-Cola Enterprises. Group Interview. 4 November 1999. Pendergrast, Mark. For God, Country, and Coca-Cola. New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner's Son Publishing Co., 1993. The Coca-Cola Company. "Facts, Figures, and Features." Atlanta: The Coca-Cola Company, 1996. "The Coca-Cola Company Overview." Hoover's Company Profiles. wysiwyg:// bodyframe.14/http://ehostweb14.epnet.com/fulltext.asp (23 Sept. 1999). "The Coca-Cola Company." Profiles. http://www.coca-colacompany.com/ world/world.html (10 Nov. 1999). The Coca-Cola Company. "The Chronicle of Coca- Cola: Since 1886." Atlanta: The Coca-Cola Company, 1950.

Business Law †Case Study Essay

A.Known Facts John wanted to extend his house and built an office from there. He approached Sue after locating an advertisement from the Yellow Pages. As Sue’s price did not seem reasonable, John then approached Drawit Pty Ltd, which charged a hundred dollar less. John paid a deposit. Later, John went to Franks Hardware and Timber Yard. He made known to Frank, the sole proprietor, the purpose and requirement of the materials and placed an order. John signed a standard form contract and paid a deposit. Two months later, problems arose which caused John to delay his business. John incurred financial losses. B.IDENTIFYING THE ISSUES 1.0CONTRACT BETWEEN JOHN & FRANK. It is obvious that there is a contract for the sales of goods between Frank and John. Therefore, terms implied by statute into the sales of goods will only be relevant here. 1.1Is it a consumer or non-consumer contract? Here, we need to consider the definitions of consumer both under Trade Practices Act (TPA) and Goods Act Part IV (GA-IV). As the total price of the goods is $20,500, it is under the TPA s4B(1) (a)(i) prescribed limit. Having satisfied this, we need to consider s4B(1) (a)(iii). There is no evidence showing that John had acquired the goods for the purpose of re-supply or transform them. It might be a consumer contract under TPA. $20,500 exceeds the threshold amount under GA-IV s85(1) (a). John then needs to satisfy s85(1) (b). His materials were of a kind that is ordinarily  acquired for personal consumption. Moreover, s85(1) (c) and (d) did not apply. Therefore, it might also be a consumer contract within s85 of the GA. A consumer contract subjects either to TPA or GA-IV means that Goods Act Part I do not apply. 1.2 TPA or GA-IV? A seller must be a corporation to be under the TPA. As Frank Hardware is a sole proprietor, it therefore is not subjected to the TPA. It then must fall under GA-IV. GA-IV applies to all consumer contracts for the sale of goods that take place in the course of business, irrespective of whether the seller is a corporation, a partnership or a sole trader. 1.3What are the Implied terms that are breached? (i)GA-IV s(90) Fitness for particular purposes John had a contract with Frank for the supply of materials and the sale took place in the course of a business. John made known the purpose for which the goods were required and had relied on his skill and judgement in choosing the appropriate materials. It was also reasonable for John to rely on Frank. Therefore, there is an implied condition that the materials supplied be fit for that particular purpose. However, the materials were not of the purpose for which it was supplied. This implied term had been breached. (ii)GA-IV s(89) Merchantable quality As the materials were sold in the course of a business, there is an implied condition that the materials be fit for their normal purpose(s) having regarded the price. When the materials were delivered, the pine is not limed and the oregon beams  have unsightly knots. John was not aware of the defect before the sale and if John had inspected the materials before sale it would not have revealed the defect. This is because John did not know that he actually had to lime the pine himself and the knots on the beams might not be easily seen. Therefore, there is evidence that this implied term had been breached. 1.4What is the effect of exclusion clause? As the materials bought by John is a kind normally acquired for personal consumption, Frank cannot rely on the exclusion clause to exclude his liability. This is evidenced by GA-IV s95(1). 1.5What are the remedies available? John can terminate the contract and sue for damages. This means that he may return the materials and receive a refund. However, the goods must be returned as provided by s99 that as long as the defect becomes apparent within a reasonable time after delivery, the goods may be returned within reasonable time after discovering the defect. John may also receive compensation for losses caused by the breach of implied terms. 2.0CONTRACT BETWEEN JOHN & SUE. 2.1Offer or Invitation to Treat? First, we need to distinguish offer from invitation to treat. An invitation to treat is an invitation to others to make an offer. Generally, an advertisement amounts to an invitation to treat. This is held in Partridge V Crittenden [1968] 2 All ER 421, where Sue will be inviting John to make an offer. However, there is an exception. An advertisement can also be an offer. This can be illustrated in Carlill V Carbolic Smoke Ball Co [1893] 1 QB 256 in which Sue might probably argue that it was an offer. This being the case, Sue is the offeror will stressed that the offer was assumed to be accepted  by John upon saying â€Å" I think that’ll be okay †. An offer, once accepted, cannot be revoked. Therefore there will be a binding contract. Assuming that it is an offer, it can either be a counter offer or a mere request for more information. 2.2Counter Offer or Mere Request for More Information? An offer will be rejected if there is a counter offer. A counter offer tampers with the original condition of the offer, it rejects the original offer and can no longer be accepted at later date. Looking at the words used in John’s reply â€Å" I hadn’t expect it to be so high †, it is possible that this was either an acceptance with a request for more information, or a counter-offer. If the court found the facts here sufficiently similar to those in Stevenson Jacques V McLean (1880) 5 QBD 346, it could hold that the words were a mere request for information. This being the case, the offer remains open and can be accepted. Another alternative is that the court might hold that John’s reply amounts to a counter offer as it seems to add new terms to the offer. This would be similar to Hyde V Wrench (1840) 3 Beav 334, in which the counter offer involved a reduction in price. As in that case, the counter offer made by John had the effect of destroying the original offer made by Sue. Sue is then free to accept or reject this counter offer. Sue, by quoting the price of $1500, clearly shows that she had accepted the counter offer and made a new offer. It is now up to John, the offeree, to accept or reject the offer. 2.3Acceptance or Rejection? Sue could rely on the fact that the mode of communication is instantaneous, i.e. a telephone conversation. She will argue that John’s response over the phone is assumed to be an acceptance to the new offer. This forms a contract in which she can argue that it had been breached. REMEDIES FOR SUE (Damages) However, John can argue that there was no contract because his response failed to satisfy the rule that an acceptance must be absolute and unqualified. In fact, it’s a statement of his opinion of what he thought and therefore he reserved the right to change his mind. An offer, which had not been accepted, does not form a contract. Therefore there is no breach of contract and that he did not have to pay the pro rata amount requested by Sue. REMEDIES FOR JOHN (Do not have to pay) Having considered both sides of the argument, it is more likely that there is a contract between John and Sue. And that it is a breach in which John had to pay. 3.0 CONTRACT BETWEEN JOHN AND DRAWIT. It is clear that there is a service contract in which Drawit is to provide a plan for John. Due to the fact that terms implied under Statute only apply to consumer contracts, we need to determine if one exists in order to enforce the implied terms. 3.1Is it a consumer contract? To illustrate whether it is a consumer contract, we need to compare the definition of consumer under Trade Practices Act (TPA) and Goods Act Part IV (GA-IV). s4B(b) (i) of the TPA required that price of the service be less that $40,000. If it exceeds that amount, it must be a kind ordinary acquired for personal use. s85(a) of the GA-IV restricted that amount to be under $20,000. Similarly, if exceeds that prescribed amount, it must be for  personal consumption. Given the service price of $1,400 and that John had acquired it for personal use, it is obvious that it falls under both the TPA and GA-IV. Therefore we know that there is a consumer contract. We then need to identify which of the Acts it falls into. 3.2TPA or GA-IV? TPA probably applies because there is evidence that Drawit is a corporation. This can be recognised by the ‘Pty Ltd’ in Drawits’s company name. Having recognised that it subjects to TPA, it is obvious that GA-IV does not apply. 3.3What are the Implied Warranties that have been breached? As Drawit provide the similar service as Sue, we assumed that John had also made know the purpose for which the plan was required and that relied on the seller’s skills to perform the service. (i)TPA s74(1) Due and skills Drawit supplied the services in the course of a business, so there is an implied warranty that the service will be rendered with due care and skill. The material supplied (plan) in connection with the service must also be fit for the purpose for which they are supplied. It is obvious that Drawit had breached this implied warranty because the material supplied was not fit for the purpose, i.e. it did not meet the Council’s standards. (ii)TPA s74(2) Fitness for particular purposes Applying our assumption that John had made known to Drawit his requirements for which the services were required and that Drawit had supplied the service in the course of a business. There is an implied warranty that the  service and the materials supplied in connection of the service will be reasonably fit for that purpose and that it is reasonable for John in that circumstances to rely on Drawit’s skill. The plan did not meet the Council’s requirement. This shows that it did not fit the purpose for which the services were required. Therefore there is a breach of this warranty. 3.4Can the implied terms be excluded? As the service provided is of a type ordinarily acquired for personal domestic or household use. Under s68 of TPA, Drawit cannot exclude or limit the implied warranties. 3.5What are the remedies that are available? John can terminate the contract and sue for damages. This means that he could get a refund for the services and also receive compensation for the losses caused by the breached of the implied terms.