Free Essays on Aol Instant Messenger

AOL prevents another company from instant messaging â€Å"America Online has fired another shot in its ongoing battle against companies trying to tap into its coveted instant messaging network.† Time Warner’s affiliate AOL has been blocking companies trying to tap into its current instant messaging network. These other companies are trying to get there programs to work with AOL’s instant messaging system and AOL has repeatedly turned away these companies stating that it infringes on their privacy policies. Since 1997 AOL has been very popular even though AOL has been involved in legal issues over its instant messenger. AOL began instant messenger or I.M. in 1997 when one of AOL’s program writer’s, Mr. Jim Johnson, designed a brilliant plan to have direct contact between members on an open email page. Jim and AOL received numerous awards for this new design, which let members communicate with each other even while browsing the web. It took off so fast that it spread like a rumor in a small community. Just a few months after its release, almost every member of AOL was using instant messaging on a daily basis. Instant messaging has become the â€Å"norm† since its debut in 1997. Every magazine and newspaper in the country had an article on it. Now it is so common that even six year olds are often seen utilizing the instant messenger program in classrooms. Though it is common, new companies are trying to dip their hands in. Since I.M. became available, other companies have been trying to make similar programs that are compatible with AOL’s Instant messenger. AOL has struck down these ideas every time they occur. AOL has not incurred any legal penalties yet but as time progresses, they may. These other companies are trying to bring lawsuits against AOL saying that the instant messenger technology should be public and not privately owned. AOL has shut the door every time on these people and won. â€Å"The courts u... Free Essays on Aol Instant Messenger Free Essays on Aol Instant Messenger AOL prevents another company from instant messaging â€Å"America Online has fired another shot in its ongoing battle against companies trying to tap into its coveted instant messaging network.† Time Warner’s affiliate AOL has been blocking companies trying to tap into its current instant messaging network. These other companies are trying to get there programs to work with AOL’s instant messaging system and AOL has repeatedly turned away these companies stating that it infringes on their privacy policies. Since 1997 AOL has been very popular even though AOL has been involved in legal issues over its instant messenger. AOL began instant messenger or I.M. in 1997 when one of AOL’s program writer’s, Mr. Jim Johnson, designed a brilliant plan to have direct contact between members on an open email page. Jim and AOL received numerous awards for this new design, which let members communicate with each other even while browsing the web. It took off so fast that it spread like a rumor in a small community. Just a few months after its release, almost every member of AOL was using instant messaging on a daily basis. Instant messaging has become the â€Å"norm† since its debut in 1997. Every magazine and newspaper in the country had an article on it. Now it is so common that even six year olds are often seen utilizing the instant messenger program in classrooms. Though it is common, new companies are trying to dip their hands in. Since I.M. became available, other companies have been trying to make similar programs that are compatible with AOL’s Instant messenger. AOL has struck down these ideas every time they occur. AOL has not incurred any legal penalties yet but as time progresses, they may. These other companies are trying to bring lawsuits against AOL saying that the instant messenger technology should be public and not privately owned. AOL has shut the door every time on these people and won. â€Å"The courts u...

Hippocratic Method and the Four Humors in Medicine

Hippocratic Method and the Four Humors in Medicine When todays doctors prescribe an antibiotic to fight infection, they are trying to put the patients body back in balance. While the drugs and medical explanation may be new, this art of equilibrium has been practiced since  Hippocrates day.   I do anatomize and cut up these poor beasts, he said to Hippocrates, to see the cause of these distempers, vanities, and follies, which are the burden of all creatures.- Democritus - The History of Melancholy Humors Corresponding With  the Seasons and Elements In the Hippocratic corpus (believed not to be the work of a single man of that name) disease was thought to be caused by isonomia, the preponderance of one of the four bodily humors: Yellow BileBlack BilePhlegmBlood Four humors matched the four seasons: Autumn: black bileSpring: bloodWinter: phlegmSummer: yellow bile Each of the humors was  associated with one of the four equal and universal elements: EarthAirFireWater Posited by Empedocles: Aristotle, who used the image of wine to expose the nature of black bile. Black bile, just like the juice of grapes, contains pneuma, which provokes hypochondriac diseases like melancholia. Black bile like wine is prone to ferment and produce an alternation of depression and anger...-From Linets The History of Melancholy Earth corresponds with  black bile.  Too much earth made one  melancholic.Air corresponds with blood. Too much air,  sanguine.Fire  corresponds with  yellow bile.  Too much fire,  choleric.Water  corresponds with  phlegm.  Too much water,  phlegmatic. Finally, each element/humor/season was associated with certain qualities. Thus yellow bile was thought of as hot and dry. Its opposite, phlegm (the mucus of colds), was cold and moist. Black Bile was cold and dry, while its opposite, blood was hot and moist. Black Bile: Cold and DryBlood: Hot and MoistPhlegm: Cold and MoistYellow Bile: Hot and Dry As a first step, the prudent Hippocratic physician would prescribe a regimen of diet, activity, and exercise, designed to void the body of the imbalanced humor. According to Gary Lindquesters History of Human Disease,  if it was a fevera hot, dry diseasethe culprit was yellow bile. So, the doctor would try to increase its opposite, phlegm, by prescribing cold baths. If the opposite situation prevailed (as in a cold), where there were obvious symptoms of excess phlegm production, the regimen would be to bundle up in bed and drink wine. Resorting to Drugs If the regimen didnt work the next course would be with drugs, often hellebore, a potent poison that would cause vomiting and diarrhea, signs the imbalanced humor was eliminated. Observation of Anatomy We might assume such Hippocratic ideas sprang from speculation rather than experimentation, but observation played a key role. Furthermore, it would be simplistic to say ancient Greco-Roman doctors never practiced human dissection. If nothing else, doctors had anatomical experience dealing with war wounds. But especially during the Hellenistic period, there was extensive contact with the Egyptians whose embalming techniques involved removing bodily organs. In the third century, B.C. vivisection was permitted in Alexandria where living criminals may have been put to the knife. Still, we believe Hippocrates, Aristotle, and Galen, among others, only dissected animal bodies, not human. So mans internal structure was known primarily through analogy with animals, inferences from the externally visible structures, from natural philosophy, and from function. Evaluating the Humoral Theory Such ideas might seem far-fetched today, but Hippocratic medicine was a great advance over the supernatural model that had preceded it. Even if individuals had understood enough about contagion to realize rodents were involved somehow, it was still the Homeric Apollo, the mouse god, who caused it. The Hippocratic etiology based on nature permitted diagnosis and treatment of symptoms with something other than prayer and sacrifice. Besides, we rely on similar analogies today, in Jungian personality types and ayurvedic medicine, to name two. These men demonstrated that when the nutriment becomes altered in the veins by the innate heat, blood is produced when it is in moderation, and the other humours when it is not in proper proportion.-Galen, On the Natural Faculties Bk II Black Bile Cold and Dry Too much earth Melancholic Autumn Blood Hot and Moist Too much air Sanguine Sping Phlegm Cold and Moist Too much water Phlegmatic Winter Yellow Bile Hot and Dry Too much fire Choleric Summer S​ources   www.umich.edu/~iinet/journal/vol2no2/v2n2_The_History_of_Melancholy.html  Ã‚  www.astro.virginia.edu/~eww6n/bios/HippocratesofCos.html]www.med.virginia.edu/hs-library/historical/antiqua/textn.htm accessedviator.ucs.indiana.edu/~ancmed/foundations.htm]  www.med.virginia.edu/hs-library/historical/antiqua/stexta.htmwww.med.virginia.edu/hs-library/historical/antiqua/stexta.htm